Study Notes

Binary Exploitation
BSD
- FreeBSD
CCTV
Computer Science
Cryptography
- Asymmetric-Encryption
  - RSA
- Encoding
  - Base64
  - URL Encoding
- Hash Functions
  - MD5
- Password Hashing
  - LM Hash
- Symmetric Encryption
  - Block Ciphers
    - AES
    - DES
Defensive Security
- Elastic
- Malware Analysis
- MITRE
  - MITRE ATT&CK
- Splunk
DIY
- Cantenna
GNU / Linux
- Story
- Debian
  - Debian Package Manager
  - Firmware
- GNU coreutils
  - What is GNU coreutils
  - Basic operations
    - cp
    - dd
    - mv
    - rm
    - shred
  - Changing file attributes
    - chgrp
    - chmod
    - chown
    - touch
  - Directory listing
    - dir
    - ls
    - vdir
  - File permissions
  - File space usage
    - df
    - du
  - Output of entire files
    - base64
    - cat
    - tac
  - Output of parts of files
    - head
    - tail
  - Printing text
    - echo
    - printf
  - Process control
    - kill
  - Redirection
    - tee
  - Special file types
    - mkdir
  - Summarizing files
    - wc
  - System context
    - arch
    - date
    - hostname
    - uname
    - uptime
  - User information
    - groups
    - id
    - logname
    - pinky
    - users
    - who
    - whoami
  - Working context
    - pwd
- Linux Networking
- Shell
  - ls alieas
  - Shell Commands
  - Shell Variables
- System
  - services (daemons)
- Users
  - su (switch user)
  - Users
Hardware
- ESP32
- GPIO
- Integrated circuit
- microcontroller
- PN532
- RC522
- RTOS
K&R
- Ch 1 - A Tutorial Introduction
macOS
Networking
- Ethernet
- Networking Fundamentals
- Ports
- Pivoting
- Protocols
  - Networking Protocol?
  - ARP
  - DHCP
  - DNS
    - DNS Attacks
    - DNS Fundamentals
  - FTP
  - ICMP
  - RTSP
  - SSH
    - (0) What is SSH
    - OpenSSH
  - TCP
  - UDP
- Proxy
  - Proxy Fundamentals
- VPN
- Wireless
  - (0) Fundamentals
  - Bluetooth
  - NFC
  - RFID
  - Wi-Fi
    - Wi-Fi Alliance
Offensive Security
- Malware Development
Scripting & Automation
- DQ
- Regular Expression
- Shells
Tools
- Nmap
  - Nmap Options
  - What is Nmap
VCS
- What is VCS / Git / GitHub
- Git
- GitHub
  - GitHub Setup and Config
Virtualization
- Virtualization Fundamentals
Web Application Security
- HTTP Headers
  - Content Security Policy (CSP)
Windows
- Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
- Windows NT & MS-DOS
- Active Directory
  - AD Fundamentals
  - AD Attacks & Defense
    - AS-REProasting
    - Kerberoasting
  - AD Protocols
    - DNS in AD
    - Kerberos
    - LDAP
    - MSRPC
    - NTLM
  - AD Users
- File Systems
- Powershell
  - cmdlet
    - cmdlet (command-let)
    - cmdlet commands
      - Active Directory
        
        -Properties
        
        Get-ADGroup
        
        Get-ADUser
- Windows Event Logs
  - EventLog & Event Viewer
  - Get-WinEvent

Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Labs, and General Electric were jointly developing an experimental time-sharing operating system called Multics for the GE-645 mainframe. Multics introduced many innovations, but also had many problems. Bell Labs, frustrated by the size and complexity of Multics but not its aims, slowly pulled out of the project.

Ken Thompson (left) and Dennis Ritchie (right)

Unix

After that, the two Bell Labs researchers, Ken Thompson and later Dennis Ritchie, started a simpler system on a DEC PDP-7 computer. That system became Unix.

Unix splits into major branches. Two main lineages emerged:

AT&T System V

Official commercial Unix line from AT&T.

BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution)

From University of California, Berkeley

GNU Project

GNU stands for: GNU’s Not Unix

That name is intentional. It means the project wanted to build a Unix-like operating system, but not actually use Unix code.

The GNU Project was started in 1983 by Richard Stallman. The goal was to create a completely free software operating system.

GNU had most of a working operating system, but it was missing one critical piece: a stable kernel.

Linux

Linux is the kernel, not the whole operating system by itself.

It was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as a hobby project while he was a student in Finland. He wanted a Unix-like kernel for his PC.

By itself, Linux is not a full user-facing OS. That is why people often say GNU/Linux: the system is usually the Linux kernel plus GNU tools and many other components.

Distributions

There is essentially one Linux kernel project, with one main upstream line maintained by Linus Torvalds and kernel developers.

A Linux distribution (often called a distro) is a complete operating system built around the Linux kernel.

All Linux distros share the same kernel, but differ in:

Package management system
System philosophy
Default software
Release model

Here’s the common Linux distribution families:

Debian family

Most common distros:

Debian
Ubuntu
Linux Mint
Kali Linux
Pop!_OS

Red Hat family

Most common distros:

Fedora
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
CentOS Stream
Rocky Linux
AlmaLinux

SUSE family

Most common distros:

openSUSE Leap
openSUSE Tumbleweed
SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLES)

Arch family

Most common distros:

Arch Linux
Manjaro
EndeavourOS
Garuda Linux

Slackware family

Most common distros:

Slackware
Salix OS
Zenwalk Linux

Gentoo family

Most common distros:

Gentoo Linux
Funtoo